Posts Tagged generators
Wind Energy
Wind farms are clusters of wind generators that produce electricity, often utilizing a new, large-scale turbine technology that requires far less wind than did their early predecessors. Unlike conventional coal- or dam-driven power plants, these wind plants tend to be owned by private businesses (like Boone Pickens), not public utilities, that then sell their electricity back to electric utilities for distribution. And the wind works is catching on around the country. By 2006, 28 different states had functioning wind machines with Texas, California, Iowa, Minnesota and Oklahoma leading the way. Texas alone comprises the world’s sixth-biggest wind energy market. It’s now a proven technology that’s here to stay. The largest project, located in Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center, is spread over 47,000 acres in Taylor and Nolan county, Texas and has 421 wind turbines that generate enough electricity to power 220,000 homes (735.5 megawatts). There are now many sources of information for this industry, and growing interest across the world map.
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Harnessing Wind Energy in the 21st Century
Wind energy has come a long way since the old-fashioned Dutch farm windmills. Wind can be an incredibly powerful force, strong enough to rip shingles off of a roof or even an entire roof off of a house, to which any Florida, Texas, or New Orleans insurance company will attest. Wind, then, has the potential to take the place of fossil fuels as a primary energy source. The trick to harnessing wind energy is in converting wind to useful mechanical energy or electricity via turbines, which are large, rotating blades. A turbine is either connected to a drive chain that operates machinery, in the case of mechanical energy, or to an electrical generator, in the case of electricity. Though modern turbines are similar to the windmills of old, they are more efficient, and thanks to innovations in the mechanical technology, wind energy is much less expensive than it used to be.
The beauty of wind energy is that it is renewable, meaning that using wind does not deplete the resource. Wind will always be available. Also, wind energy is clean; it does not pollute. So why has wind energy not replaced coal and oil as a primary energy source? Unfortunately, according to the Wind Energy Development Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement issued by the U.S. Department of Energy and Bureau of Land Management (http://windeis.anl.gov/), up-front costs of wind power exceed those of the more common fossil-fuel energy generators. Some other issues with wind power include its unpredictability and its geographic proximity to end users of the energy, meaning that the energy must be transferred over distances. However, because wind is free, while fossil fuels are expensive, the long-term costs of wind energy are more attractive than those of fossil fuels, despite these challenges. As a result, and due to a government push for renewable energy in the United States that includes a Production Tax Credit in some areas, wind farms are becoming more common.
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Wind Energy: A Brief History
Harnessing wind energy has been a task for mankind since 1000 b.c. Beginning with the simple cloth sail to use the energy from wind to propel boats, early civilizations realized the inherent power of wind and continued to invent new technologies in order to efficiently use this renewable energy source. The Persians continued this research into utilization of wind energy by creating one of the first known vertical axis windmill systems around 500 a.d. This windmill was primarily used for the grinding of grains and the pumping of water for irrigation purposes. Information of this wind energy harnessing ability spread throughout Asia and Europe over time and newer more efficient windmills were developed. Most uses of wind energy consisted of only direct action from wind on turbines which were used to simply automate what normally took an inordinate amount of time by human hands. Wind energy was being harnessed not for its potential energy but rather for its current energy. People of this time period could not discover a way to save the energy that was collected; wind energy had to be used as it flowed past the blades of the turbine. When this technology arrived in America around 1850, it was primarily used for the same purposes; pumping water to the many farm homes in need of irrigation and for allowing livestock fresh water to drink. During the late 19th century, Charles Brush was able to develop the first wind powered turbine that generated electricity in the United States. Even though his windmill was innovative for the time, it had a few drawbacks. Due to its low blade speed, the 17-meter rotor would only generate around 12 kilowatts. Modern rotors of similar size can generate up to 100 kilowatts of power.
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